Solutions for Smart and Super Grids with HVDC and FACTS

Deregulation and privatization are posing new challenges to high-voltage transmission systems. High-voltage power electronics, such as HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) and FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), provide the necessary features to avoid technical problems in heavily loaded power systems; they increase the transmission capacity and system stability very efficiently and assist in preventing cascading disturbances. Environmental constraints, such as energy saving, loss minimization and CO2 reduction, will also play an increasingly more important role. The loading of existing power systems will further increase which will lead to bottlenecks and reliability problems. Therefore, the strategies for the development of large power systems go clearly in the direction of Smart Grids, consisting of AC/DC interconnections and point-to-point bulk power transmission “highways” (Super Grid Solutions). FACTS technology is also an important part of this strategy. These hybrid systems offer significant advantages in terms of technology, economics and system security. They reduce transmission costs as well as help bypass heavily loaded AC systems. Keywords-HVDC, FACTS, Bulk Power Transmission, Security, Sustainability, Micro Grid, Smart Grid, Super Grid